As tensions over freshwater intensify worldwide, anticipating shortages becomes a strategic necessity. In Montpellier, researchers at the One Science Foundation are mobilizing cutting-edge tools to understand and predict the future dynamics of water resources. Their ambition is to provide reliable projections to support political, agricultural and regional decisions.
Water, a changing climate variable
The data is clear: by 2050, the flow of many rivers could be reduced by 20% due to the combined effects of global warming, increased evapotranspiration and reduced rainfall in certain regions. The Mediterranean area, already subject to a hot, dry climate, is particularly vulnerable.
Scientists in Montpellier work with regional climate models (RCM) capable of simulating possible futures for the water cycle on different scales – from watershed to national territory. These models take into account greenhouse gas emission scenarios (RCP or SSP scenarios), changes in land use, and seasonal variations in temperature and precipitation.
From raw data to useful forecasts
To build these projections, researchers rely on a complex mesh of data: meteorological stations, hydrometric sensors, satellite images, piezometric readings… These data are integrated into numerical models capable of simulating the evolution of water tables, surface runoff and aquifer recharge.
In Montpellier, several teams specializing in hydrology, climatology and geoinformatics are working together to improve the accuracy and robustness of these tools. In particular, they are developing coupled models capable of linking climate dynamics to socio-economic behavior (agriculture, urbanization, domestic use).
Anticipation for better adaptation
These models are more than just theoretical exercises: they are invaluable decision aids for local authorities, water managers and farmers. By anticipating periods of drought and identifying areas at risk of water shortage or pollution, they enable us to adapt public policies, crops and infrastructures.
The One Science Foundation is also committed to making these tools accessible to decision-makers and the general public. Interactive maps, territorial dashboards and participatory simulations have been developed to enhance understanding of the issues and encourage collective management of the resource.
Science for the long term
Faced with a resource that is as variable as it is vital, scientific modeling plays a key role: it sheds light on the future to better prepare for it. Through their work, Montpellier researchers are taking part in an international drive to strengthen the resilience of territories, in a world where water is becoming one of the most strategic assets of the 21st century.